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Physical properties and chemical properties：

1. Physical properties

Density

The density of stainless steel is usually between 7.75 and 8.05 g/cm³, depending on its composition (such as chromium and nickel content).
Melting point
The melting point of stainless steel is generally between 1375 and 1450℃, depending on the alloy composition.
Common austenitic stainless steels (such as 304 and 316) have a melting point of about 1400~1450℃.

Thermal conductivity

The thermal conductivity of stainless steel is low, usually between 15 and 20 W/(m·K). This makes stainless steel a good thermal insulator in high-temperature applications, but may require additional consideration in applications that require rapid heat dissipation.

Condutividade

Stainless steel has poor conductivity and high resistivity, usually between 70 and 100 µΩ·cm. Therefore, it is not commonly used in the field of electrical transmission.

Coefficient of thermal expansion

The coefficient of thermal expansion of stainless steel varies from type to type, but is usually in the range of 16~20×10⁻⁶/℃. This property determines its dimensional stability when the temperature changes.

Magnetism

Whether stainless steel is magnetic depends on its crystal structure.
Austenitic stainless steel (such as 304, 316): usually non-magnetic or weakly magnetic.
Ferritic stainless steel (such as 430) and martensitic stainless steel (such as 410): usually have strong magnetism.

Mechanical strength

Stainless steel has high tensile strength, yield strength and hardness, and has good ductility and toughness.
The surface of stainless steel is smooth and has a metallic luster. After polishing, it can present a mirror effect.

2. Chemical properties

Corrosion resistance

The main feature of stainless steel is corrosion resistance, which is due to the presence of chromium. When the chromium content exceeds 10.5%, a dense protective film of chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) will form on the surface of stainless steel to prevent further corrosion.
Depending on the environment, stainless steel can be divided into acid-resistant stainless steel, alkali-resistant stainless steel, seawater corrosion-resistant stainless steel, etc.

Oxidation resistance

Stainless steel exhibits good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and can resist the erosion of oxygen and other oxidizing gases. This performance is particularly important in high-temperature furnaces, burners and other equipment.

Acid and alkali resistance

Different types of stainless steel have different tolerance to acids and alkalis. For example:
304 stainless steel: It has good corrosion resistance to weak acids and weak alkalis, but may be corroded in strong acids (such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid).
316 stainless steel: Due to the addition of molybdenum (Mo) elements, it has stronger corrosion resistance to chlorides (such as seawater and salt spray).

Chemical stability

Stainless steel exhibits good chemical stability in most environments and is not easy to react with air, water or other common chemicals.

Intergranular corrosion

Under certain conditions (such as after welding), stainless steel may experience intergranular corrosion. This is because carbon combines with chromium to form chromium carbide (Cr₂₃C₆), which reduces the chromium content at the grain boundary and destroys the chromium oxide protective film. To avoid this problem, you can choose low-carbon stainless steel (such as 304L, 316L) or stabilized stainless steel (such as 321).

Passivation

Stainless steel easily forms a passivation film (chromium oxide layer) in air or oxygen-containing environments, thus showing excellent corrosion resistance. If the surface is damaged, the passive film can repair itself.

Product application:

Stainless steel plates are widely used in many fields due to their excellent performance. In the construction industry, stainless steel plates are used for curtain walls, handrails, elevator panels and decorative materials, combining beauty and durability. In industrial equipment, its corrosion resistance and high strength make it an ideal choice for chemical containers, pipes, storage tanks and heat exchangers. In the food processing field, stainless steel plates meet hygiene requirements and are used to manufacture kitchen utensils, food machinery and storage equipment. In medical equipment, its non-toxicity and easy cleaning ensure safe use. In addition, stainless steel plates are also used in the transportation industry, such as automotive exhaust systems, ship components and rail transportation facilities. Its environmental protection and recyclability also meet the needs of modern sustainable development, making it the preferred material for many industries.